双层集装箱列车过隧道空气压差阻力实验研究

双层集装箱列车通过隧道时,列车受到的空气阻力会显著增大。为了给列车牵引计算提供依据,在遂渝线上对双层集装箱列车过隧道时空气压差阻力进行了实车测量。测试结果表明:双层集装箱车辆进入隧道口时,空气压差阻力急剧上升,之后又迅速回落;测试车处于列车前部、机后第三节车时,平均空气压差阻力比明线空气阻力大80%~95%。     

防风工程对风特性及铁道车辆横风气动特性的影响

本文以现场实测和风洞及水槽模拟实验结果为依据,论述了不同类型不同高度的挡风墙及铁路路堤对大风特性和车辆横风气动特性的诸多影响。     

冷却速率对TC21合金相变行为的影响

采用末端淬火法研究了TC21合金自β相区冷却后冷却速率对合金相变和显微组织的影响,对取自末端淬火试样的不同区域试样进行了OM、XRD、TEM及显微硬度分析。结果表明:冷却速率大于122℃/s时,β相转变形成正交马氏体α″,冷速介于122℃/s和3℃/s之间时,发生块状转变,冷速继续降低,相变由扩散控制,形成两种不同形貌的魏氏体α片层:较平滑的α片层和较曲折的α片层;随冷却速率的降低,合金的显微硬度先增大后降低,冷却速率小于8℃/s后,显微硬度迅速降低。     

某型机化铣零件成形工艺

化铣是一种能使表面形状复杂、加工精度要求高的零件达到加工要求的表面处理方法。铝合金的化学铣切已经成为航空工业零件成形的可靠加工方法,尤其是在加工飞机蒙皮时要比用传统的机械加工方法优越得多。本文对某型机零件表面出现锤痕现象进行了技术分析,发现其锤痕原因是由于成形零件用榔头校形而造成。同时,提出了采用钣金"一步成形法"即在淬火时效期内进行零件成形后再化铣的工艺方法。     

车模比例和风洞截面对轿车气动性能影响

采用三维不可压缩N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程和RNG k-ε(renormalization group k-ε)湍流模型仿真计算汽车流场特性.控制界面的物理量应用二阶迎风差分格式获得,并运用SIMPLEC压力修正法进行迭代.选用不同车模比例和风洞截面形状进行仿真计算,分析了车模比例和风洞截面形状对轿车气动性能的影响.结果表明:车模比例在一定范围内,汽车气动参数变化平缓;选用不同的车模比例在三种典型风洞模型中进行仿真计算,结果相差很大.      

并行路网结构下的浮动车信息处理模型

受GPS定位精度的限制,浮动车在主辅路并行路网结构下进行地图匹配和路径推测存在困难,直接影响路况信息获取的准确性.在现有浮动车信息处理框架基础上,运用统计学方法提升地图匹配的精度,并将主辅路径同时作为车辆的行驶轨迹输出,有效降低了路径推测错误的可能性.最后,引入证据推理框架以解决路径选择策略调整所带来的信息不可信和信息冲突问题.对比实验表明,改进系统在主路和辅路上的路况准确性分别有14.26%和9.46%的提升.     

铝合金厚板淬火残余应力的有限元模拟及其对加工变形的影响

航空整体结构件在加工过程中容易发生较大变形。为了研究毛坯的初始残余应力对整体结构件加工变形的影响,采用准耦合方法,利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟7075铝合金毛坯的淬火过程,研究该过程中温度的变化和残余应力的分布规律,并在含有淬火残余应力的毛坯上进行材料去除模拟。结果表明,模拟产生的比例件的变形与实际加工的比例件的变形非常近似,从而证明了毛坯的初始残余应力是引起整体结构件加工变形的主要因素,同时验证了准耦合淬火模拟的有效性。     

新淬火状态硬铝合金板的成形性能及数值模拟

研究了铝合金退火状态和新淬火状态下的成形性能,给出了主要成形性能指标与自然时效及预变形的关系,表明在新淬火状态一定时间内,铝合金仍然具有良好的成形性能,淬火前的变形和淬火后的时效过程将降低成形性能;通过退火状态和新淬火状态材料成形的数值模拟对比,表明新淬火状态材料成形具有以下特点:新淬火状态材料成形需要更大的力能参数,残余应力和回弹较大,成形后变薄较小,厚度分布较均匀,随着时效时间增加和淬火前变形的增加,成形力、厚度变薄和回弹增大.     

旋流器出口结构对旋流火焰的影响研究

为了更深入地理解非预混旋流火焰，采用大涡模拟（LES）耦合PDF燃烧模型，结合OH-PLIF及PIV同步测量实验，综合研究了两种通道结构对非预混旋流火焰模式的影响。结果表明，欧拉随机场PDF方法可以较精确地预测到旋流流场及精细的火焰结构，包括局部熄火。不同的通道结构将显著影响流场结构，由于湍流/化学反应的相互作用，火焰将会出现局部熄火及火焰抬升现象。由于无通道相比于扩张通道的回流区更小，局部熄火现象也更为严重。同时，在恰当当量比下，无通道结构的OH及CH₂O等中间基在低温区分布更为广泛，表明更多的低温化学反应得以进行，为下游抬升火焰的稳定提供了有利条件。     

A review on the upper atmospheric sodium observations from India: Insights

This review article briefly brings out the historical development of atmospheric sodium (Na) measurements over India and the importance of coordinated measurements with multiple techniques to address physical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere. These measurements were initiated in the early 1970s by observing Na airglow emission intensities with broad band airglow photometer from Mt. Abu, a low-latitude hill station in India. Considerable amount of night-to-night variations in nocturnal emission intensities of the Na airglow were observed. Later, investigations regarding the dependence with the magnetic activities from the equatorial and low latitudes were carried out and double-humped structures in the nocturnal variation of intensities were reported. With the advent of Na lidar at Gadanki around 2005, the measurements of atmospheric neutral Na atom concentration became possible and more frequent occurrences of sporadic Na layers over the magnetic low latitude station compared to other latitudes were detected indicating the role played by electrodynamics. Later, a possible relationship between E-region field aligned plasma irregularities and the concentration of neutral Na atoms was investigated using coordinated measurements of VHF radar and Na lidar. Further, simultaneous measurements with Na lidar and a narrow band airglow photometer with narrow field of view brought out the importance of coordinated observation wherein the characterization of gravity waves could be carried out and also revealed the importance of collisional quenching due to ambient molecules in the Na airglow emission processes. In addition, combining the ground based measurements of Na lidar and meteor wind radar along with satellite measurements made possible to hypothesize the over-turning Kelvin–Helmholtz billow in the Na layer manifests “C-type” or inverted lambda shape structures in the height-time-concentration map of neutral Na atoms. This review paper presents a synoptic view mostly based on the previously reported observations of Na airglow emission, Na lidar and coordinated Na airglow and Na lidar observations from the Indian sector and highlights the importance of simultaneous measurements of mesospheric Na and its emissions along with satellite-borne measurements to address interesting geophysical processes in the Earth's upper atmosphere.